Numerical simulation of electrohydrodynamically enhanced natural convection heat transfer of dielectric liquid in a horizontal annulus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrohydrodynamically enhanced natural convection of dielectric liquids in a horizontally cylindrical annulus was numerically investigated under DC and pulsed applied electric field conditions over the range of Rayleigh number from 10/sup 4/ to 2*10/sup 4/, the Prandtl number from 5 to 7, and the electric Rayleigh number from 0 to 2*10/sup 3/ for the inner-to-outer radius ratio of 2. Simulation results show that the applied, radial, DC electric field always enhances the heat transfer by natural convection process. The velocity and heat transfer enhancement are from a factor of 2 to 20 and from 10% to 30%, respectively, for EI varying from 5*10/sup 2/ to 2*10/sup 3/.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".