The aftermath of the latest labour conflict in the National Hockey League: the impact on brand equity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brand equity has been extensively studied. Yet few researches look at the sports industry and even fewer at hockey. Our research addresses this weakness. Adopting the Aaker conceptualisation, it evaluates the evolution of the National Hockey Leagues (NHLs) brand equity in the full-season following the cancelled 2004-2005 season. With questionnaires filled by more than 1500 respondents, it demonstrates the transferability of brand equity evaluation scales from consumer goods to sports and the substitution of product buyers with televised sports viewers. Our study clearly shows a fluctuation in the NHL's brand equity in the year following its lockout and an important correlation between the respondents' interest in watching televised sports and their evaluation of the NHL's brand equity. Our findings emphasise the importance for professional sports to negotiate television networks' coverage. We point to a number of future research avenues on brand equity and sports.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".