Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have used the recently completed soft X-ray spectromicroscopy facility at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) to study individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). Specifically, spatially resolved C 1s X-ray absorption linear dichroism signals were used to map structural defects. The STXM on CLS 10ID1 beamline is particularly powerful for such studies since its elliptically polarized undulator provides fully linearly polarized X-rays with their E-vector orientation continuously tunable from -90 to +90°. We correlate the magnitude of linear dichroism of the C 1s → π π* transition with the quality of the crystalline structure, in particular presence of sp defects. We show that the dichroic magnitude along a MWCNT can be used to map local defect density.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".