Risk factors affecting escape behaviour by Puerto Rican<i>Anolis</i>lizards
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Approach distance (flight initiation distance) and escape methods depend on predation risk. I studied escape methods and effects of risk factors (temperature, perch height and orientation, conspicuousness) on approach distance in seven Puerto Rican anoles. Approach distance increased as temperature decreased in Anolis gundlachi Peters, 1876, presumably because of decreasing running speed, but not in other species (probably because of narrow temperature range). Perch height and approach distance varied inversely in four arboreal species that escape upward, positively in two grass–bush species that are more conspicuous when higher and flee downward, and were unrelated in cryptic Anolis stratulus Cope, 1861. Approach distance was shortest in cryptic A. stratulus and shorter intraspecifically in three species for partially concealed lizards and at sites providing more cover in two species. Approach distance was shorter for A. gundlachi on vertical than nonvertical perches, suggesting that ease of escape upward affects assessed risk. Escape behaviours have been proposed to vary among anole ecomorphs. Grass–bush species fled downward as proposed, or horizontally near ground level. Contrary to predictions of escape downward by trunk–ground and upward by trunk–crown anoles, all arboreal species escaped upward. Only trunk anoles were proposed to use squirreling, but species from four ecomorphs did as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".