Heat‐induced nuclear accumulation of hsc70 proteins is regulated by phosphorylation and inhibited in confluent cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stress affects the general organization of cells and, in particular, the subcellular localization of molecules. Proteins of the hsp70/hsc70 family relocate to nuclei in response to heat shock, when classical nuclear protein import is inhibited. We have now further characterized the effect of wstress on hsc70 protein localization in HeLa cells. Heat‐induced nuclear concentration of hsc70 proteins depends on cell density, and low‐density cultures efficiently imported hsc70 proteins into nuclei when exposed to heat. However, high‐density cultures failed to accumulate hsc70 proteins in nuclei during heat shock. In low‐density cultures, heat‐induced hsc70 nuclear accumulation was insensitive to inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, Ser/Thr protein kinases, and rapamycin, which indicates that activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase family members or p70 S6 kinase is not required for this process. In contrast, inhibitors of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase and Tyr protein phosphatase abolished the nuclear concentration of hsc70 proteins. Likewise, inhibitors of protein phosphatases affected classical nuclear protein import in unstressed cells, but these transport pathways differed drastically in their sensitivities toward inhibitors. Although protein phosphorylation negatively regulates hsc70 nuclear accumulation in response to heat, protein kinase inhibitors were unable to overcome the block of hsc70 nuclear accumulation in high‐density cultures, indicating that additional components control hsc70 nuclear transport.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".