A tunable photonic microwave notch filter based on all-optical mixing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel photonic microwave notch filter based on all-optical mixing using a single narrow-linewidth optical source is proposed. In the proposed filter, the optical carrier emitted from a laser source is externally intensity modulated by a subcarrier signal and then applied to a second intensity modulator, which is driven by a local radio-frequency (RF) source with a dc bias to suppress the even-order sidebands. Since the higher odd-order sidebands have a much lower power than the first-order sidebands, only two first-order sidebands are considered with the subcarrier signal transferred to the two sidebands via optical mixing. By using a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating as a dispersive device to introduce time delays, a two-tap photonic microwave notch filter is realized. The tunability of the proposed filter is achieved by adjusting the frequency of the local RF signal. Based on the proposed architecture, a two-tap microwave notch filter with a free spectral range tunable from 2.1 to 4.2 GHz is experimentally demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".