Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with<i>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</i>with and without the use of chemical seed treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Friesen, A. P., Conner, R. L., Robinson, D. E., Barton, W. R. and Gillard, C. L. 2014. Effect of microwave radiation on dry bean seed infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum with and without the use of chemical seed treatment. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1373–1384. Seed-borne anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is a serious disease that affects dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed quality and yield. A 2-yr study was conducted to examine the effect of microwave radiation on two bean cultivars, Navigator (navy bean) and AC Ole (pinto bean). In the laboratory, a maximum exposure time between 40–50 s caused <10% decrease in seed germination and 0.14 and 0.10% s−1decrease in pathogen viability for the Navigator and AC Ole cultivars, respectively. Field studies were conducted at Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, to evaluate the effect of microwave radiation and two chemical seed treatments (thiamethoxam+fludioxonil+metalaxyl-M+azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin+fluxapyroxad+metalaxyl), on emergence, percentage of infection, seed pick, yield and return on investment. Microwave treatment decreased emergence by <10% in both cultivars and decreased disease symptoms by 17–23% for leaf and stem infection in cv. AC Ole when combined with chemical seed treatment. Microwave treatment did not affect pod infection, seed pick, yield, or return on investment, yet chemical treatment increased yield between 9 and 25% in cv. Navigator.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".