Geographic patterns of genetic variation in three genomes of North American diploid strawberries with special reference to <i>Fragaria vesca</i> subsp. <i>bracteata</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geographic patterns of genetic variation in wild species reflect the interplay of ecological and evolutionary processes. We assessed genetic variation in three genomes across four North American diploid strawberry taxa, with special emphasis on the gynodioecious Fragaria vesca subsp. bracteata (A.Heller) Staudt. Specifically, we sequenced one chloroplast (rpoC2) and two mitochondrial (atp8 and atp8-orf225) genes along with several nuclear microsatellite markers. In addition, we assessed indicators of breeding system (pollen viability and female frequency) for all taxa. The geographic perspective on the distribution of cytoplasmic and nuclear variation revealed the genetic affiliation of the restricted taxa (Fragaria vesca subsp. californica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Staudt and Fragaria mexicana Schltdl.) with the widespread F. vesca subsp. bracteata and identified a hotspot of hybridization within gynodioecious F. vesca subsp. bracteata. Higher pollen viability of hermaphrodites was found in the three hermaphroditic taxa relative to the gynodioecious one. Although theoretically predicted to be associated, the proportion of females within F. vesca subsp. bracteata populations was not correlated with population-level genetic variation, suggesting that the history of hybridization or population size variation is more influential on the distribution of genetic variation than sex ratio in this gynodioecious species. The documented patterns of genetic variation in this complex serve as an important point of reference for future ecological and evolutionary research in diploid Fragaria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".