Consumption of Caterpillars by Bats During an Outbreak of Western Spruce Budworm
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the diets of insectivorous bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in forests with high densities of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis, Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in southern interior British Columbia, Canada. Caterpillars as potential prey were more common and widespread than previously reported. Caterpillar consumption by bats was more frequent where C. occidentalis larvae were more abundant, suggesting that the caterpillars being eaten were C. occidentalis. The frequency of caterpillar consumption was similar for Myotis evotis, which gleans prey from vegetation, and for other bat species that forage primarily by aerial-hawking. We suggest that caterpillars hanging by silk threads were captured by bats that foraged aerially.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".