Pancreatic CCK<sub>B</sub>receptors: their potential roles in somatostatin release and δ-cell proliferation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In rodents, cholecystokinin (CCK) induces pancreatic enzyme secretion and pancreas growth through its CCK(A) receptors. It is unknown whether occupation of the CCK(B) receptors present in pig and human pancreas can cause the same effects. This study evaluates CCK(B) receptor expression in rat, mouse, pig, and fetal human pancreata using Northern blot, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. The reported 2.7-kb CCK(B) receptor mRNA transcript in the rat brain and gastric fundus is absent in pancreas; the message was, however, detected by RT-PCR and by a CCK(B) receptor antibody as an 80-kDa protein present uniquely in islet delta-cells. Proteins of 50 and 80 kDa appear in mouse pancreas, and proteins of 50 and 115 kDa appear in pig and human pancreas, respectively, all localized in islet delta-cells. Gastrin mRNAs are strongly present in fetal rat pancreas, and the hormone is localized in islets; both are repressed 10 days after birth. In conclusion, the CCK(B) receptors are present in pancreas of four species with exclusive location in islet delta-cells. In such a location, they could be indirectly involved in the control of enzyme secretion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".