Effects of Mating Status and Parasitoid Density on Superparasitism and Offspring Fitness in <I>Tiphodytes gerriphagus</I> (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments investigated the effects of mating status and wasp density on frequency of superparasitism, development time, longevity, and fecundity of offspring of the egg parasitoid Tiphodytes gerriphagus Marchal. When individual females searched a patch over a 24-h period the number of probes per egg from mated wasps was higher than that from unmated wasps, but there was no difference in number of larvae found per egg during dissections. When groups of 5 females searched a patch together, both number of probes per egg and number of larvae per egg increased significantly compared with that of individual females. Superparasitism occurred most frequently when eggs were simultaneously exposed to 5 females, and mated groups of females superparasitized more frequently than unmated groups (frequencies of 78.1 and 62.9%, respectively). Development time of wasps in superparasitized eggs was longer than that of wasps in singly parasitized eggs. Longevity of adult male parasitoids was not affected by having come from superparasitized eggs, but female longevity was decreased significantly. Mated and unmated females showed no significant differences in fecundity, regardless of whether they had emerged from superparasitized or singly parasitized eggs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".