Unruh effect as foundation of universal gravitation within the cosmological scenario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We aim to build a simple model of a gas with temperature (T) in thermal equilibrium with a black body that plays the role of the adiabatically expanding universe, so that each particle of such a gas mimics a kind of “particle” (quantum) of dark energy, which is inside a very small area of space so-called Planck area ([Formula: see text]), that is the minimum area of the whole space–time represented by a huge spherical surface with area [Formula: see text], ru being the Hubble radius. So we should realize that such a spherical surface is the surface of the black body for representing the universe, whose temperature (T) is related to an acceleration (a) of a proof particle that experiences its own black body radiation according to the Unruh effect. Thus, by using this model, we derive the law of universal gravitation, which leads us to understand the antigravity in the cosmological scenario and also estimate the tiny order of magnitude of the cosmological constant in agreement with the observational data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".