Calcified cartilage in the paired fins of the osteostracan <i>Escuminaspis laticeps</i> (Traquair 1880), from the Late Devonian of Miguasha (Québec, Canada), with a consideration of the early evolution of the pectoral fin endoskeleton in vertebrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Patches of spherulitic calcified cartilage are described inside the paired fins of the osteostracan Escuminaspis laticeps from the Upper Devonian of Miguasha, Canada, thereby confirming Belles-Isles interpretation of these patches as evidence for paired fin endoskeleton. The distribution of these calcified cartilage patches suggests that the osteostracan paired fin endoskeleton was a single cartilaginous plate located in the lateral half of the fin, and was thus not made up of separate radials. This morphology resembles that of the endoskeletal disc of the embryonic and larval pectoral fin of piscine gnathostomes, prior to its decomposition into radials, and may mirror the general condition for the clade that includes osteostracans and gnathostomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".