Bibliographic record
Abstract
Age specific survival and movement are important components of demography and population structure, and quantification of these rates is useful for management and conservation. However, information on the postfledging ecology of waterfowl species frequently is unavailable to managers. I studied postfledging survival and movements of juvenile Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, using radio marking and capture-mark-recapture analysis of banded birds captured at coastal wintering areas. Survival of juvenile females was high, providing evidence that female winter survival may be similar among age groups. Radio-marked juvenile males were more likely to die than juvenile females, and juvenile males had lowest local survival rates of all sex-age classes. Proportions of banded juveniles found at their capture location during their second winter did not differ significantly between males and females, suggesting equal dispersal rates, and at least 25% (n = 9) of radio-marked females moved >30 km from their capture location. These results were unexpected, based on previous evidence for female philopatry and theories of male- biased dispersal in waterfowl, and suggest that males and females both likely contribute to gene flow and demographic connection among populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".