Microstructure characterization and hardness distribution of 13Cr4Ni multipass weld metal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Multipass welding is a common method for fabrication and repairs of large industrial steel parts. In the hydroelectric industry these parts are commonly made with 13Cr4Ni steels that present outstanding performances. In this research the microstructures and crystallographic textures of a multipass weld have been studied. The microstructure was found to be complex and heterogeneous, consisting of several regions affected by adjacent weld passes. The study showed that austenite parent grains modification happened in areas close to the subsequent weld passes. However, parallel and low angle interface laths were observed inside martensite sub-blocks over different regions. The hardness profile was explained by overlaying the simple three regions heat affected zone . In some regions a tempering heat treatment effect was observed while in some other regions a double-quenching has happened. • Effects of weld passes' thermal cycle on microstructure and hardness of adjacent weld beads in a 13Cr4Ni multipass joint • Regions inside an as-welded bead of a 13Cr4Ni multipass weld • Inhomogeneity inside a 13Cr4Ni multipass weld
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".