<i>Umingmakstrongylus Pallikuukensis</i>(Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) in Gastropods: Larval Morphology, Morphometrics, and Development Rates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morphological and morphometric aspects of larval development of Umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis in Deroceras laeve and the effects of temperature on development rates in D. laeve and Deroceras reticulatum were investigated in the laboratory. Larval stages were best differentiated by separation of cuticular sheaths, tail structure, and viability following digestion. Growth in body and esophagus width was observed during the first-stage within the intermediate host, but the major increases in body length and width occurred immediately following the second molt. Larval development in D. laeve and D. reticulatum occurred more rapidly at warmer temperatures. The calculated threshold temperatures were 8.5 and 9.5 C in D. laeve and D. reticulatum, respectively, and 167 degree-days were required for development to third-stage larvae (L3) in both hosts. These thresholds are higher than those calculated from published data for the closely related Muellerius capillaris (4.2 C) but are similar to those for the more distantly related northern protostrongylid, Elaphostrongylus rangiferi (8.3-10.3 C). Conversely, degree-days required for development to infective L3 were more similar among the Muelleriinae than between this group and the Elaphostrongylinae. Developmental parameters for protostrongylid larvae may be influenced both by the environment and by features of the parasites and the intermediate hosts, including phylogeny.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".