A Multi-elemental Approach to Identification of Subpopulations of North Atlantic Minke Whales Balaenoptera Acutorostrata
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A combination of heavy metals, organochlorines (OC) and fatty acids (FA) that reflect long-term deposition (1 year) in tissues was used in a Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) exploring population substructure in 104 minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata that were sampled in West Greenland, the Central and Northeast Atlantic Sea and in the North Sea in 1998. Using a CDA that included mercury and cadmium in muscle, liver and kidney, and eight OCs and four unsaturated FAs in blubber we were able to separate the whales into four subpopulations: 1) a West Greenland group, 2) a Central Atlantic group represented by whales from Jan Mayen, 3) a Northeast Atlantic group (Svalbard, Barents Sea and northwestern Norway), and 4) a North Sea group. During an assignment test based on the data transformation developed by the CDA, about 84% of the individuals were correctly assigned to the area where they had been caught. The highest degree of misassignment was between Jan Mayen and the Northeast Atlantic groups. The differences among the four groups likely reflected regional differences (i.e. sea water chemistry, prey type and prey availability) among the marine ecosystems within the range studied. The study indicated that a multi-elemental approach based on long-term deposited compounds with different ecological and physiological pathways can be used for identification of subpopulations of marine mammals.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".