Cranial anatomy of<i>Ennatosaurus tecton</i>(Synapsida: Caseidae) from the Middle Permian of Russia and the evolutionary relationships of Caseidae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detailed description of the Middle Permian Russian caseid Ennatosaurus tecton shows that three autapomorphies distinguish it from other caseids: a broad anterior ramus of the jugal, a large contribution of the frontal to the dorsal orbital margin, and a relatively narrow parasphenoid body. Phylogenetic analysis of Caseidae yields a single most parsimonious tree and its topology posits Ennatosaurus tecton as the sister taxon to the clade of the North American caseids Angelosaurus dolani and Cotylorhynchus romeri. Phylogenetic analysis supports the position of Oromycter dolesorum from the Lower Permian Richards Spur locality as the most basal member of Caseidae. In addition, the genus Casea is resolved as paraphyletic, whereby C. rutena forms the sister taxon to the clade containing E. tecton, C. romeri, and A. dolani. The current topology reveals that the pattern of dental complexity in terms of the number of apical cuspules is homoplasious, cautioning against its use as a unidirectional phylogenetic character.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".