Effects of Above and Below Ground Herbivory by<i>Tetraopes tetraophthalmus</i>(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on the Growth and Reproduction of<i>Asclepias syriaca</i>(Asclepidacae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
I examined the impact of Tetraopes tetraophthalmus (Forster) on its host plant, Asclepias syriaca L., through a series of field observations and experiments. Adult beetles feed on milkweed flowers and foliage while larval beetles feed on the rhizomes of milkweed. Strong negative effects of beetle herbivory on milkweed growth, but not sexual reproduction, were found in experiments comparing growth for milkweed patches from which adult beetles were removed to controls with an unmanipulated abundance of beetles. Experiments using potted milkweed revealed a strong negative effect of beetle larvae on the growth of milkweed roots and rhizomes. Under natural field conditions, I could detect no effect of adult beetle density on the growth or sexual reproduction of milkweed. Overall, it appears that below ground herbivory by beetle larvae negatively impacts milkweed growth, but detection of these effects under natural conditions are confounded with a number of factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".