Year-round Variations in Essential Oil Content and Composition of Male and Female Juniper
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rocky Mountain juniper ( Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) is an evergreen dioecious tree (produces male and female plants). The pleasant aroma and the medicinal value of this species are the result of the essential oil. The hypothesis of this study was that the essential oil content and composition may be different in male and in female trees and also may be affected with seasonal changes throughout the year. The objective was to evaluate year-round variations in essential oil composition of Rocky Mountain juniper within single male and female trees. The concentration of essential oil in fresh leaves varied from 0.335% to 0.799%, and at most sampling points, the oil content in the biomass of the male tree was greater than that in the biomass of the female tree. There was a trend toward increased essential oil content in male juniper in 220 to 342 days after the first sampling (DAFS), compared with the one in 35 to 184 DAFS. The concentrations of the oil constituents alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, pregeijerene B, elemol, beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol, and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol were greater in the oil of the female tree than in the oil of the male tree. Conversely, the concentrations of alpha thujene, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, and delta-cadinene were greater in the oil of the male tree than in the oil of the female tree. However, the concentration gradient trends for both female and male trees were similar for myrcene and sabinene, for alpha-terpinene and terpinolene, for pereijerene B and elemol, and for beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol. Overall, lower concentrations in the oils at 101 to 132 or 163 DAFS were found for myrcene and alpha-pinene sabinene, whereas the concentrations of gamma-terpinene, elemol (female tree), beta-eudesmol/alpha-eudesmol (female tree), and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol (female tree) were greater during this period. This study demonstrated that the content and composition of the essential oil from Rocky Mountain juniper are subject to seasonal changes and also depend on the sex of the tree.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".