Disruption of Sexual Communication of Oriental Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with a Microencapsulated Formulation of Sex Pheromone Components in Blueberries and Ornamental Nurseries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The feasibility of disrupting sexual communication in oriental beetle, Exomala orientalis (Waterhouse) with a microencapsulated sprayable formulation of (Z)- and (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one, the major and minor pheromone components, respectively, was evaluated in blueberries and ornamental nurseries during 1998 and 1999 seasons in southern New Jersey. In 1998, pheromone-baited traps captured significantly fewer male beetles in blueberries, treated with a 9:1 blend of (Z)- and (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one at 100 g (AI)/ha of the major component, or in nurseries treated with (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one alone at the same rate, compared with trap captures in untreated control plots. The percentage of reduction in trap captures (disruption index) in plots treated with the blend in blueberries was comparable to reductions in trap captures in nurseries (97 versus 92%) treated with the major component alone. During 1999, pheromone trap captures in blueberry and nursery plots treated with a 93:7 blend of (Z)- and (E)-7-tetradecen-2-one at 37.5 g (AI)/ha of the major component were on an average 92 and 82% lower compared with trap captures in untreated control plots, respectively. Significantly fewer tethered virgin female oriental beetles were found in copula/contact with males in treated blueberry fields relative to those deployed in untreated control plots. These results suggest that communication disruption is a promising strategy to manage oriental beetle populations in blueberries and ornamental nurseries. This is the first study to document the feasibility of disrupting sexual communication in a soil-dwelling coleopteran with applications of sex pheromone components to the soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".