Erodibility of cohesive glacial till bed sediments in urban stream channel systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A major challenge in urbanizing watersheds in southern Ontario is the development of a broader understanding of semi-alluvial stream channels with streambeds and lower banks consisting of consolidated glacial till bed sediment. This investigation focuses on the erosive resistance of two distinct glacial till bed sediments within the Greater Toronto region, the Sunnybrook till and the Halton till. The study reviews the distinct nature and properties of till sediment and compressional and shear strength which can be significant controls on the erosion of the till sediment in stream channels. Critical shear stress and an erodibility coefficient were measured with an in situ jet-tester, and sediment strength using a penetrometer and a shear vane tester. Bulk properties were investigated through sediment cores. From over 50 jet-tests, power-law functions were used to determine erodibility coefficients as a function of critical stress for each till sediment. Empirical relations were developed to estimate critic...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".