The hydrological characteristics of a stream within an integrated framework of lake–stream connectivity in the Lac de Gras Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake–stream networks dominate much of northern Canada. This study explores the hydrological characteristics of an outlet stream from a headwater lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada. Flow hydrographs indicated that stream flow was maximal in most of the cross sections during the first week of July, and subsequently declined to zero by the first week of August 2009 and last week of August 2010. Water balance analysis indicated that the lake can be recharged by runoff from the catchment, but summer evaporation, combined with groundwater loss, caused draw down of lake level below the outflow threshold. Summer rainfall in this semi-arid environment was insufficient to overcome storage deficits to re-establish flow connectivity between lakes. The suitability of the stream sections were assessed for small and large young-of-the-year Arctic grayling based on stream geometry, stream flow characteristics, stream water temperature, and stream water quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".