Demography of Swainson's Hawks Breeding in Western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate demographic parameters and population trends for Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni) breeding in southeast Alberta and southwest Saskatchewan, Canada, from 1972 to 2003. We assembled mark–resighting–recovery histories of 6,606 banded Swainson's hawks for a joint analysis of survival and resighting probability, including band-reporting rate and fidelity of animals, following Burnham's joint resighting–recovery model provided in program MARK. Our best-fitting survival model specified age-related variation in survival, resighting probability, and fidelity, and it specified age-by-temporal variation in nestling survival and adult resighting probability. From estimated survival rates and previously published data on reproduction, for the period 1973–1996 we estimated the population's finite rate of increase, λ, to be 0.996 (95% CI: 0.945–1.057). We believe that population limitation of Swainson's hawks is primarily related to the influence of prey availability on brood size and nestling survival. Despite indications of recent population declines, we conclude that Swainson's hawks breeding in western Canada are not currently in need of special management action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".