SPRING MIGRATION AND STOPOVER ECOLOGY OF COMMON YELLOWTHROATS ON APPLEDORE ISLAND, MAINE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas) are Nearctic-Neotropical migrants that are common breeders across the United States and Canada, very little has been published about the migration and stopover ecology of this species. We used spring migration banding records of Common Yellowthroats from 1992–2001 on Appledore Island, Maine, to investigate potential sexual and age-related differences in migration timing and stopover ecology of this species. Arrival dates of males were significantly earlier than arrival dates of females during spring, with mean male arrival five days earlier than female arrival. Also, after-second-year (ASY) birds arrived significantly earlier than second-year (SY) birds within each sex. Males also were significantly heavier than females upon arrival on Appledore. During spring migration, 5.0% of males and 4.2% of females were recaptured at least one day after initial capture, resulting in a mean stopover length of approximately three days for both sexes. We found no significant difference in the mean minimum stopover length nor the rate of mass change between the sexes based on recaptured individuals. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in stopover ecology between age groups within either sex. Both sexes significantly increased mass during stopover, both as calculated from recaptured individuals and as estimated by regression of condition (mass × 100/wing chord) over time. Results of this study confirmed differential migration among Common Yellowthroats, which is consistent with previous studies of passerine migration ecology. Lack of differences in stopover ecology between the sexes or between age groups suggests that earlier arrival of males than females and of ASY birds than SY birds may be due to an earlier onset of migration rather than increased migration speed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".