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Record W2177397458 · doi:10.18192/uojm.v5i2.1373

The Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in the PTSD Patient

2015· article· en· W2177397458 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Kimberly Reiter

Bibliographic record

VenueUniversity of Ottawa Journal of Medicine · 2015
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicSleep and related disorders
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineAnxietySleep disorderPopulationPsychiatryModalitiesInsomniaSleep (system call)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

ABSTRACT:Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder that develops in 25-30% of individuals exposed to a traumatic event. Sleep disturbances (i.e. nightmares and restless sleep) are common symptoms of PTSD, affecting approximately 70-87% of patients. Studies have shown that improving sleep disturbances improves disease severity and therapeutic outcomes. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered first-line therapies for PTSD, sleep disturbances often remain refractory and require additional therapies for their resolution. Discussion: Pharmacological and non-pharmacological modalities are available for the treatment of PTSD sleep disturbances. Although cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is well supported to alleviate sleep disturbances, studies have shown patient drop-out by the time of long-term follow-up, suggesting CBT may be viewed as challenging to complete. Under these circumstances, the use of pharmacological therapies can be considered independently or in adjunct. Conflicting evidence surrounds the benefit of SSRIs in the treatment of sleep disturbances. Moreover, there is limited research surrounding the use of trazodone in this patient population. Benzodiazepines are poorly supported and the side effect profile of atypical antipsychotics limits their routine use. Prazosin holds the most promise and is the most well supported pharmacological agent in the literature. Nabilone, although a controversial agent, also holds promise of benefit. Conclusions: Several pharmacological and behavioural therapies are available to treat PTSD sleep disturbances. However, the evidence supporting any of these modalities as being superior is limited. Larger, randomized controlled trials are needed to gain a greater understanding of efficacious therapies available to address this clinical problem. RÉSUMÉ:Introduction: Le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) s’avère un trouble d’anxiété qui se développe chez 25 à 30% des individus qui sont exposés à des évènements traumatiques. Les troubles du sommeil tels que les cauchemars et l’insomnie sont des symptômes typiques du TSPT qui affectent entre 70 et 87% des patients. Plusieurs études démontrent qu’une amélioration des troubles du sommeil peut diminuer la sévérité du TSPT et augmenter l’effet thérapeutique. Malgré le fait que les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de sérotonine (ISRS) demeurent la première ligne de traitement pour le TSPT, les troubles du sommeil demeurent un symptôme important et des thérapies additionnelles sont nécessaires pour leur résolution. Discussion: Les modalités pharmacologiques et non pharmacologiques sont disponibles pour le traitement des problèmes du sommeil associés au TSPT. Malgré le fait que la thérapie cognitivo comportementale (TCC) a démontré des effets positifs pour minimiser les symptômes de troubles du sommeil, les études démontrent que les patients ont de la difficulté à respecter les critères de l’étude lorsqu’ils sont évalués au suivi, suggérant que la thérapie TCC est difficile à compléter. L’utilisation de la pharmacothérapie peut se faire de façon indépendante ou combinée à la TCC. Il y a des preuves contradictoires au sujet des bénéfices associés aux ISRS dans le traitement des troubles du sommeil. De plus, il y a des preuves limitées au sujet de l’utilisation de trazodone dans cette population cible de patients. Les benzodiazépines ne sont pas très bien tolérées par les patients à cause de leurs effets secondaires, ce qui limite leur utilisation. La prazosine donne de bons résultats et demeure l’agent pharmacologique le plus recommandé dans la littérature scientifique. Le nabilone, toutefois, est un agent controversé qui semble démontrer beaucoup de bienfaits potentiels. Conclusion: Plusieurs thérapies pharmacologiques et comportementales sont accessibles pour aider aux problèmes du sommeil reliés au TSPT. Toutefois, les preuves des bienfaits de ces modalités de traitement sont limitées. Des résultats d’essais aléatoires contrôlés à plus grande échelle sont nécessaires afin de mieux comprendre l’efficacité des thérapies qui sont disponibles dans le but d’optimiser le soin des patients atteints de troubles du sommeil.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.011
Threshold uncertainty score0.038

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0110.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.237 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2015
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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