1,3,5-Triarylpyrazolines — pH-driven <i>off-on-off</i> molecular logic devices based on a “receptor<sub>1</sub>-fluorophore-spacer-receptor<sub>2</sub>” format with internal charge transfer (ICT) and photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The excited state photophysical properties of the 1,3,5-triarylpyrazolines 1–4 were studied in methanol and 1:1 (v/v) methanol–water, as well as 1:4 (v/v) methanol–water and water by fluorescence spectroscopy. The molecules 2–4 incorporate a “receptor 1 -fluorophore-spacer-receptor 2 ” format while 1 is a reference compound based on a “fluorophore-receptor 1 ” design. The molecular probes operate according to photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and internal charge transfer (ICT) processes. At basic and neutral pHs, 2–4 are essentially nonfluorescent due to PET from the electron-donating dimethylamino moiety appended on the 5-phenyl ring to the excited state of the 1,3,5-triarylpyrazoline fluorophore. At proton concentrations of 10 −3 mol/L, the dimethylamino unit is protonated resulting in a strong blue fluorescence about 460 nm with significant quantum yields up to 0.54. At acid concentrations above 10 −2 mol/L, fluorescence quenching is observed by an ICT mechanism due to protonation of the pyrazoline chromophore. Symmetrical off-on-off fluorescence–pH profiles are observed, spanning six log units with a narrow on window within three pH units. Hence, 2–4 are novel examples of ternary photonic pH sensing molecular devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".