Radiocarbon in otoliths of yelloweye rockfish (<i>Sebastes ruberrimus</i>): a reference time series for the coastal waters of southeast Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices during the 1950s and 1960s created a global radiocarbon ( 14 C) signal that has provided a useful tracer and chronological marker in oceanic systems and organisms. The bomb-generated 14 C signal retained in fish otoliths can be used as a time-specific recorder of the 14 C present in ambient seawater, making it a useful tool in age validation of fishes. The goal of this study was to determine 14 C in otoliths of the age-validated yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) to establish a reference time series for the coastal waters of southeast Alaska. Radiocarbon values from the first year's growth of 43 yelloweye rockfish otoliths plotted against estimated birth year produced a 14 C time series (19401990) for these waters. The initial rise of 14 C occurred in 1958 and 14 C levels rose to peak values (6070) between 1966 and 1971, with a subsequent declining trend through the end of the record in 1990 (3.2). In addition, the 14 C data confirmed the longevity of the yelloweye rockfish to a minimum of 44 years and strongly support higher age estimates. This 14 C time series will be useful for the interpretation of 14 C accreted in biological samples from these waters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".