The Aeronian/Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) boundary, with particular reference to sections around the El Pintado reservoir, Seville Province, Spain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The upper Aeronian to lower Telychian (Llandovery Series, lower Silurian) strata at the east end of El Pintado reservoir, Seville Province, Spain are documented in terms of their lithologies, graptolite biostratigraphy and δ 13 C org record.This is the first time that a continuously graptolitic section throught the Aeronian/Telychian boundary has been studied in detail.The upper Aeronian part of the section is assigned to the Stimulograptus halli Biozone which is divisible into three, the middle part being referred to the Lituigraptus rastrum Subzone.The Telychian strata are assigned to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone and lower Sp.turriculatus Biozone.Unusually, two specimens of Sp. turriculatus were found at a level low in the guerichi Biozone.118 graptolite species are recorded, 18 of which are new and described here together with other species for which the El Pintado material provides new information.Diversity increases considerably in some genera (Glyptograptus, Parapetalolithus, Rastrites, Streptograptus) in the upper halli Biozone and/or lower to middle guerichi Biozone only to decline again (except for Streptograptus) in the upper part of the guerichi Biozone as part of the "utilis Event".This diversity decline coincides with an interval of elevated δ 13 C org values.There are no major δ 13 C org excursions present in the El Pintado sections.The δ 13 C org record through the guerichi Biozone is very similar to that in Arctic Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".