Association between diabetes and cognition in older adults without dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Data from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) evaluated cognition and depression in a sample of older adults with diabetes and compared them with those without diabetes. Design: Neuropsychological test scores from a comprehensive clinical assessment were contrasted for the two groups and test scores from CSHA-1 in 1991 used to predict test scores five years later from CSHA-2 with diabetes and depression as additional predictors. Results: There were no differences at CSHA-1 between those with diabetes and those without after adjusting for covariates of age, education, and gender. Older adults with diabetes at CSHA-2 scored lower on a measure of short-term memory, with age, education and CSHA-1 test scores as significant covariates in hierarchical regression analyses. Diabetes and depression were both associated with a measure of verbal short term memory. Conclusions: In this relatively healthy community sample, diabetes appears to have modest influences upon cognition, with verbal short-term memory being the most sensitive to the effects of diabetes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".