Smoking cessation in Malaysian Pharmacy Curricula: Findings from environmental surveys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Lack of comprehensive training focusing on smoking cessation in the local universities curricula may contribute to suboptimal smoking cessation counselling provision among pharmacists. Aims: The main aim was to identify the gaps in smoking cessation training in pharmacy curricula. The secondary aim was to assess the pharmacy faculty members’ practice and relevant determinants pertaining to smoking cessation counselling. The third aim was to compare the effect of training on these determinants. Method: Key individuals were identified from pharmacy schools to obtain information on tobacco-related teaching. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to pharmacy faculty members to assess their practice pertaining to smoking cessation counselling. Results: Tobacco-related topics were part of core courses in nine schools with a median teaching duration of 2.75 hours. Practice pertaining to smoking cessation counselling is limited and training has positive effect on practice. Conclusion: A standard curriculum on smoking cessation training is needed to equip the pharmacy undergraduates and faculty members with necessary knowledge and skills.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".