Phylogeny of Nearctic Species of the Xylosteana Group of <I>Archips</I> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Based on Combined Analysis of Morphological and Mitochondrial DNA Data Sets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Holarctic Archips xylosteana Group consists of at least 18 morphologically similar species in the Nearctic, three of which were synonymized with A. argyrospila by Razowski and subsequently returned to species status, two that were described since 1986 but are clearly related to A. argyrospila, and an additional Western clade of A. argyrospila haplotypes that Razowski had not seen. We examined the morphology of all described Nearctic Xylosteana Group members plus one undescribed species, as well as DNA variation in a 816 bp segment of the mitochondrial COI gene for 17 of these species. We also examined three of five species of Archips from the Packardiana Group (=Archippus Freeman), and three outgroup genera (Argyrotaenia Stephens, Clepsis Guenée, and Choristoneura Lederer). Parsimony analyses of the combined molecular and morphological data sets gave better resolution and a better supported tree than did analyses of any single data set. All analyses revealed five species groups, rendering paraphyletic the Xylosteana Group as previously defined. An updated systematic list of Nearctic Archips is provided. We discuss the possibility that our data could support the resurrection of the genus Archippus from synonymy and the recognition of the Cerasivorana Group and the Purpurana Group as new genera. We have elected to leave the genus intact pending future investigations that include the additional Palaearctic members of the group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".