Contribution of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Gel in the Formation of Flower-Like Zinc Oxide Superstructures: Characterization of the TOCgel/ZnO Composite Films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present paper, we report on a simple and new approach for the synthesis of hierarchical flower-like zinc oxide superstructures ZnO (FL) in the presence of the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose gel (TOCgel) through a room temperature sol-gel process in aqueous medium. Resulting composite films based on TOCgel and ZnO were investigated by several techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests. SEM images demonstrated the formation of well-shaped flower-like ZnO superstructures within the fibrous structure of the TOCgel with a uniform diameter (~5 μm). FTIR and XPS results clearly confirmed the formation of such ZnO structures. We suggested that the carboxylate groups of TOCgel fibers act as capping agents and promote the construction of such flower-like ZnO via a nucleation-growth process. A proposed mechanism based on the oriented attachment-driven growth was discussed in order to explain the formation of ZnO (FL). The photocatalytic activity of the TOCgel/ZnO composite in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was clearly confirmed. Finally, mechanical tests demonstrated that the former TOCgel/ZnO film maintained a good flexibility (bent up to ~120°) without losing its photocatalytic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".