The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic <i>Portulaca oleracea</i> L.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kong, Y., Rozema, E. and Zheng, Y. 2014. The effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder vary with symptom development stage and cultivar in hydroponic Portulaca oleracea L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1195–1201. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a traditional food crop in some Mediterranean, Central American and Asian countries. Our recent study showed that this crop can be produced hydroponically in NaCl-rich nutrient solutions. Increased NaCl salinity has been found to increase the occurrence of Ca-deficiency related disorders in many horticultural crops. To explore the effects of NaCl on calcium-deficiency disorder and the associated impacts on plant growth in purslane, two commercial cultivars ‘Green’ and ‘Golden’ were hydroponically grown in nutrient solutions without Ca for the first 3 wk (Ca-deficiency period) and then in nutrient solutions with added 2.4 mM Ca(NO3)2 for 2 wk (Ca-supplement period). Two levels of NaCl (0 and 10 mM) were used in the above nutrient solutions as the two NaCl treatments (control and NaCl). Plants began to express visual symptoms first on the apical leaves and then on the apical stems 12 d after the start of Ca deficiency treatment, but recovered from the disorder during the following Ca-supplement period, suggesting that the symptoms were caused by Ca-deficiency. During the Ca-deficiency period (early stage of symptoms development), NaCl alleviated the Ca-deficiency disorder and reduced leaf unfolding rate in the ‘Green’ cultivar, but not in the ‘Golden’ cultivar. However, during the Ca-supplement period (late stage of symptoms development) exposure to NaCl increased the severity of the disorder and inhibited stem extension and leaf unfolding for both purslane cultivars. The results suggest that purslane Ca-deficiency disorder responses to NaCl vary with symptom development and cultivars, and that the responses are associated with changes in plant growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".