Hiérarchies urbaines et transitions énergétiques: une approche évolutive en Europe de 1800 à 2010
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article examine des corrélations entre la consommation d’énergie et l’évolution des hiérarchies urbaines de 1800 à 2010 en France, en Italie, en Espagne, en Grande Bretagne, en Suède et aux Pays-Bas. L’analyse est basée sur le croisement d’une série de données inédites de la consommation d’énergie intégrant à la fois les vecteurs traditionnels et modernes d’énergie (Centre for History and Economics, Harvard) avec les données de population de la base e-Geopolis (Moriconi F., CNRS, Avignon). Les objectifs sont d’identifier l’implication du fait énergétique dans la dynamique d’agglomération du peuplement en 200 ans de croissance urbaine, et d’établir le rôle des systèmes énergétiques dans les différenciations ou les régularités observées. Cette approche évolutive permet ensuite de s’interroger sur l’avenir des dynamiques urbaines dans un contexte de crise énergétique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".