Long-term trends of bull shark (<i>Carcharhinus leucas</i>) in estuarine waters of Texas, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increases in standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) and mean length of bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas) were observed in coastal estuaries over a 35-year period (1976–2010). Trends in abundance and size were examined using fisheries-independent data from a long-term monitoring survey in Texas, USA. Catch, effort, and environmental covariates that affect bull shark distribution were used to create a standardized index of abundance. Increases in abundance and mean length were detected, potentially due to the initiation of federal management and restrictions on the use of gill nets in nearby Louisiana, USA, waters in 1995. This study provides a long-term perspective of two important demographic indicators (abundance and mean size) of bull shark and provides an encouraging signal in the Gulf of Mexico for a species whose stock status is unknown yet considered near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list. Continuing research is needed to gauge effects of management and environmental impacts on shark resources as well as investigations into ecosystem effects of increasing predatory density in coastal waters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".