Fe(III) recovery from HCl solutions using amberlite XAD‐7 resin impregnated with a tetraalkyl phosphonium ionic liquid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fe(III) is efficiently extracted from concentrated HCl solutions using Amberlite XAD‐7 impregnated with tetraalkyl phosphonium chloride ionic liquid (IL) (synthesis of extractant‐impregnated resin, EIR). The sorption efficiency is controlled by metal speciation and IL loading in the EIR. Sorption isotherms in mono‐component solutions are described by the Langmuir equation, while the extended Langmuir equation perfectly fits sorption isotherms from binary Fe(III)/Zn(II) solutions. The thermodynamic study confirms the endothermic nature of the sorption. Uptake kinetics are fitted by the pseudo‐second order rate equation. While temperature and metal concentration have a relatively limited effect on kinetics, the IL content more significantly affects the mass transfer of Fe(III). Water, sodium sulphate, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid almost completely desorb Fe(III) from loaded EIRs. Resin recycling was tested for eight cycles without significant decrease of the sorption and desorption efficiencies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".