Vertical and Temporal Distribution of Carabidae and Elateridae in Flight Above an Agricultural Landscape
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fifty seven species representing 26 genera of Carabidae and 46 species representing 14 genera of Elateridae were trapped in flight above a potato dominated agricultural landscape. The estimate of species richness for Carabidae and Elateridae for this habitat was increased 2.2 and 4.6 times by the use of impact traps distributed vertically at 10 different levels. Both families were captured up to 14.3 m. This confirms the widespread use of flight by ground and click beetles although it seems infrequent in most species. The slope of the regression of flight occurrence against height averaged −0.923 and −0.988 for Carabidae and Elateridae, respectively. However, specific vertical flight profiles within the Elateridae vary considerably ranging between −1.665 and −0.092. This indicates that most species actively control their vertical flight profile flying either close to the vegetation or randomly through the air column tested. Implications for insect monitoring are discussed. The temporal distribution of flight was similar for the two families with early peak frequency for host plant location and oviposition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".