Morphological characterization of triticale starch granules during endosperm development and seed germination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Li, C.-Y., Li, W.-H., Lee, B., Laroche, A., Cao, L.-P. and Lu, Z.-X. 2011. Morphological characterization of triticale starch granules during endosperm development and seed germination. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 57–67. The morphology of starch granules and its changes during endosperm development and seed germination in triticale has been investigated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Starch granules were rapidly accumulating in triticale endosperm after 6 d postanthesis (DPA). The double-disk structure of starch granules was detected in endosperms from 6 DPA until 27 DPA in triticale and its parental crops, wheat and rye. The equatorial grooves of triticale starch granules were more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis than the broad or flat surfaces. Triticale starch was slowly degraded within 4 or 5 d post germination (DPG) and most starch granules were almost completely hydrolyzed after 9 DPG. Morphological changes of starch granules observed under SEM during the in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis were consistent with patterns identified during the germination process. As a hybrid of wheat and rye, triticale inherits many morphological characteristics of starch synthesis and storage in the seed endosperm. However, triticale also possesses unique features of granule shape, size, distribution, and enzyme susceptibility. These results will make it possible to effectively utilize triticale starch in the starch-based production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".