Predation on Artificial Nests in Upland Habitats Adjacent to Freshwater Marshes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Predation patterns on artificial waterfowl and passerine nests were studied in upland habitats adjacent to freshwater marshes located in urban, agricultural and natural habitats, near Ottawa, Ontario in 1989 and 1990. Nest predation on waterfowl nests did not change during the breeding season in urban and in agricultural habitats but it increased significantly in natural habitats. There were no significant differences over time of year in predation on passerine nests in any of the three types of habitats. Nest camouflage was not a factor in preventing nest destruction. Nest predation was higher on passerine nests than on waterfowl nests in urban and natural habitats but was similar in agricultural habitats. Losses of waterfowl nests were similar among habitats in both years. Passerine nests were more frequently destroyed in natural habitats than in urban and agricultural habitats. Small predators such as the blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) and red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), more commonly observed in urban and natural habitats compared to agricultural habitats, would most likely explain differences in nest predation among habitats as well as differences between nest types.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".