Effects of replacing barley grain with graded levels of wheat bran on rumen fermentation, voluntary intake and nutrient digestion in beef cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Friedt, A. D., McAllister, T. A., He, M. L., Penner, G. B. and McKinnon, J. J. 2014. Effects of replacing barley grain with graded levels of wheat bran on rumen fermentation, voluntary intake and nutrient digestion in beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 129–137. Abrasion-milled wheat bran (AMWB) is a relatively new by-product from wheat-based ethanol production. Few published studies are available on the nutritional value of this by-product feed for growing cattle. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of replacing rolled barley with AMWB on apparent nutrient digestibility, voluntary intake and rumen fermentation parameters of beef heifers fed a backgrounding diet formulated to 1.50 and 0.91 Mcal kg−1 dry matter (DM) of NEm and NEg, respectively. Five spayed and rumen-cannulated Angus heifers (584±40 kg) were used in a 5×5 Latin square design. The control diet consisted of 36% barley silage, 24% grass hay, 8% supplement and 32% rolled barley grain (DM basis). Dietary treatments replaced barley grain with AMWB at 8, 16, 24 and 32% of the diet DM. Voluntary DM (P=0.30) and organic matter (OM) (P=0.19) intake were not affected by AMWB inclusion level. Mean rumen pH (P=0.68) as well as duration (min) (P=0.68) and area under the pH curve 5.8 (P=0.27) were not affected by AMWB. Other than acetate, which linearly increased (P=0.03) with increasing AMWB, effects on rumen volatile fatty acids or NH3-N levels were minimal. There was a linear decrease (P<0.01) in DM, OM and gross energy digestibility with increasing AMWB, while acid (P=0.01) and neutral (P=0.03) detergent fibre digestibility decreased in a quadratic manner. A similar quadratic trend (P=0.06) for decreased digestible energy content was also noted with increasing levels of AMWB. Crude protein digestibility was not affected (P=0.94) by treatment. These results indicate AMWB will not support similar gains to barley grain in growing diets due to reduced total tract nutrient utilization and lower digestible energy content.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".