DOES EGG REJECTION ACCOUNT FOR THE LOW INCIDENCE OF COWBIRD PARASITISM IN CHESTNUT-COLLARED LONGSPURS (CALCARIUS ORNATUS)?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We experimentally parasitized Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) nests with mimetic and nonmimetic Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) eggs to determine whether the low frequency of parasitism reported for that grassland host is due to egg rejection behavior. Longspurs accepted all 23 mimetic eggs (real and wooden) and rejected 9 of 22 blue nonmimetic eggs. Our results suggest longspurs accept cowbird eggs even though they are physically capable of ejecting them from their nest. Thus, the low parasitism frequency reported for that species is not a result of egg rejection behavior, but may be due to antiparasite strategies that reduce their chances of being parasitized (e.g. nest defense behavior).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".