Effect of metformin on the vascular and glucose metabolic actions of insulin in hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated the long-term effect of metformin treatment on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and vascular responses to insulin in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were instrumented with intravascular catheters and pulsed Doppler flow probes to measure blood pressure, heart rate, and blood flow. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Two groups of SHR received metformin (100 or 300 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 3 wk while another group of SHR and a group of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were left untreated. We found that vasodilation of skeletal muscle and renal vasculatures by insulin is impaired in SHR. Moreover, a reduced insulin sensitivity was detected in vivo and in vitro in isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles from SHR compared with WKY rats. Three weeks of treatment with metformin improves the whole-body insulin-mediated glucose disposal in SHR but has no blood pressure-lowering effect and no influence on vascular responses to insulin (4 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1)). An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity was detected in isolated muscles from metformin-treated SHR, but in the absence of insulin no changes in basal glucose transport activity were observed. It is suggested that part of the beneficial effect of metformin on insulin resistance results from a potentiation of the hormone-stimulating effect on glucose transport in peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). The results argue against a significant antihypertensive or vascular effect of metformin in SHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".