INTERSPECIFIC AND INTERSEXUAL VARIATION IN ROOST-SITE SELECTION OF NORTHERN LONG-EARED AND LITTLE BROWN BATS IN THE GREATER FUNDY NATIONAL PARK ECOSYSTEM
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although only 2 bat species are common in the Greater Fundy National Park Ecosystem of New Brunswick, Canada, 4 distinct groups occur in terms of roost-site selection due to sexual segregation. We found that female northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) roosted alone or as part of maternity colonies in mature, shade-tolerant deciduous stands. A roost site was 24 times more likely to be in a shade-tolerant deciduous tree than a coniferous tree, and trees in the mid-decay classes were 5.2 times more likely to be used than live or recently dead trees. Male northern long-eared bats roosted alone in coniferous stands or conifer-dominated mixedwood stands, and they selected roost trees that were in the mid-decay stages. Trees in mid-decay stages were selected more than twice as often as trees at the early or late stages of decay. For every 10% increase in the proportion of coniferous trees in the plot, the chances of a male northern long-eared bat roosting in the plot increased 1.5 times. Female little brown bats (M. lucifugus) in our study area were transients. Male little brown bats primarily roosted alone in coniferous stands, or conifer-dominated mixedwood stands. Their selection of roost sites was highly dependent on the number of snags in the vicinity. For every increase of 5 snags in a 0.1-ha plot, the odds of use for male little brown bats on that site increased by 2.5 times. The long-term availability of roost sites for males of both species in our study area may be linked to spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) epizootics, which is the major mortality factor for coniferous species in the region. Female northern long-eared bat roosts probably are more consistantly available because suitable sites are created by continuously occurring, individual-tree stressors in mature shade-tolerant forests.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".