Loggerhead Shrike population trends in western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Roadside surveys of Loggerhead Shrikes Lanius ludovicianus, originally established in 1987, were replicated in Saskatchewan in 1993 and 1998 and in Alberta in 1998. In Manitoba, the two survey routes that had shrikes on them in 1987 were replicated in 1993, but not in 1998. In Alberta, the mean density of shrikes was 3.8 times higher in 1998 than in 1987. In Saskatchewan, shrike densities increased from 1987 to 1993 and declined from 1993 to 1998. Although differences were not statistically significant, overall trends between 1987 and 1998 appeared more stable in the western half of Saskatchewan and less stable in the eastern half of the province. In Manitoba, the shrike density on the two resurveyed routes was 39% lower in 1993 than in 1987. Independent surveys in Manitoba revealed a 58% overall decline from 1987 to 1999. These results suggest that, since 1987, the population of Loggerhead Shrikes has increased in Alberta, remained relatively stable in Saskatchewan, and declined in Manitoba. Analysis and interpretation were limited due to observer changes, weather effects, and the inherent biases of roadside surveys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".