Bibliographic record
Abstract
Near field behaviour of a liquid jet in crossflow, i.e. deformation, primary breakup and penetration is investigated. Biodiesel, diesel and their blend are used as the liquid jets entering the crossflow of air. In this study, the primary breakup of biodiesel jet is simulated using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) numerical method. In order to, accurately, capture vortices including the horseshoe vortex in the gas and the liquid internal vortices, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence model is coupled with the VOF. The operating condition of this study is gas Weber number of 48 and 80 with a liquid to gas momentum ratio of 50 and 100. This work serves as a comparative study of biodiesel and diesel spray characteristics in crossflow. The results show lower penetration depth of biodiesel comparing to diesel that agree well with the previous experimental work of the authors [1].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".