Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the creation of the fictional character in the 19th century, Dracula has constantly inspired popular culture, influencing the desire and adoption of Dracula tourism. Yet, few studies have focused on the impact of fictional Dracula on tourists' expectations and demands, and how these have shaped Romanian tourism providers. The original article image in tourism: Western bloggers versus tour guides was the first study to examine tourists' impressions and perceptions of Dracula as a tourism experience, and to explore and bring forward the Bran tour guides' experiences with visiting tourists.Huebner, in her article Who came first - Dracula or the Tourist? New Perspectives on Dracula Tourism at Bran Castle complemented the original article in her theoretical discussion of the impacts of popular culture on the images held about a destination, and the co-creation of experiences. As Britton (1991) argued, tourism experiences are produced by various production systems represented by the economic activities gathered to produce and sell tourism products; the social groups, cultural features, and physical elements which are incorporated into travel and tourism products as attractions; and the agencies responsible for regulating the commercial behaviour of social externalities associated with such productions. Huebner (2011), in her discussion of the co-creation of experiences, is conscious of the multidimensionality of tourism experiences, noting righteously that these production systems need to be consistent in their promotion of the tourism products in order to create 'memorable and positive coherent cues' for visiting tourists. However, contrary to this theoretical marketing tactic, the stakeholders involved in promoting and selling Dracula as a tourism product are not consistent in their efforts. This is largely due to the duality of Dracula's image, one as a fictional vampire, the other as a national hero.Nevertheless, it is the practical value of Huebner's paper which is of interest to me. The disparities between the various marketing strategies involving Dracula tourism have been previously studied, and similar frameworks have been proposed (e.g. Muresan & Smith, 1998; Cosma, Pop & Negrusa, 2007). While the amalgamation of fictional and historical elements to create tourism destinations has proven successful in few instances (e.g. Arthur's Tintagel in Cornwall, England; Anne of Green Gable's attractions in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, Canada), these characters and tourism attractions are not viewed as demeaning in that they do not negatively affect the reputation of a valued historical figure or the national heritage of a country. Let's take a very similar example, Arthur and Tintagel Castle.A similar, yet different case - ArthurKing Arthur's image was founded upon historical and factual manuscripts (e.g. Historia Brittonum), combined with literary works such as Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) written in 1138 (Reno, 1996), poems (e.g. Sword in the Stone by Robert de Boron), and films (e.g. Excalibur, 1981; Arthur, 2004). Today, the Arthurian tradition, likewise Draculian culture, is fascinating due to the fact that it encompasses a wide range of literary forms from early heroic poems and tales to recent developments of science fiction and screenplays (Thompson, 1990).The similarities between Arthurian and Draculian tourism are further strengthened by the promotion of Tintagel as the birth place and residence of Arthur. Most historians doubt the fact that this castle is actually the birth place of Arthur: archaeology has failed, in a popular sense, to confirm a connection between Tintagel and Arthur. It has succeeded in revealing a royal Dark Age context, if not of Arthur then of King Someone (Robb, 1998: 592). However, due to tourists' demand, Tintagel castle has become a successful tourism attraction and destination:Certainly it is Tintagel castle's longstanding association as the birthplace of Arthur that inspired the development of the whole area as a tourist destination and a site of esoteric pilgrimage. …
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.052 | 0.048 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".