Stratigraphic controls on the distribution of poroelastic properties in the Late Cretaceous Cardium Formation, Alberta
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Over the past decade, the application of horizontal completions and multistage hydraulic fracture treatments (“HFT”) has proven to be an effective strategy to stimulate oil and natural gas production from low permeability and heterogeneous reservoirs. Despite this success, HFT is controversial due to a perceived lack of objective scientific study of the potential impacts of the technology. One particular issue of growing public concern is the potential link between HFT operations and induced or triggered seismicity. This concern is greatest where high-consequence infrastructure is located close to oil and gas operations employing HFT. Since 2008, hundreds of horizontal wells have undergone multistage HFT to stimulate light oil production from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian - Coniacian) Cardium Formation in the West Pembina area. To date, there have been no recorded seismic events associated with these operations. Drilling and completion strategies continue to evolve in the West Pembina tight oil play; the risk associated with different treatment parameters, however, is currently unknown. This research aims to better understand the geologic properties that control the propagation of seismic waves throughout the Cardium Formation. Core and petrophysical data will be studied in the context of a high-frequency allostratigraphic framework to determine how depositional facies govern the vertical and lateral distribution of poroelastic properties throughout the formation. The results of this research will be incorporated into a companion project that will use simulation to predict the operational thresholds for triggered seismicity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".