Basis for developing biotechnology for plant protection means in Georgia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pest organisms cause the great damage to agriculture in Georgia. It becomes necessary to carry out the control measures against them. The plant protection from pest organisms requires the development of integrated pest management (IPM) system, where the biological agents will take the important place for human and environment.The greenhouse whitefly (GWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum polyphagous insect is the most significant pest of agricultural crops in open and closed holdings. The specialized parasitoid of GWF – Encarsia, Encarsia formosa develops inside the body of whitefly larva. The local population of parasitoid has revealed (Tbilisi, Botanical gardens) and has used in experiments. The Encarsia biological effectiveness (BE) on vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber) and ornamental plantings at winterspring period is 85-90% and 52-60% to the fall period. The results of study on the joint action of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) – Steinernema feltiae (introduced from Israel) and parasitoid E. formosa to the GWF have been established. The mass production of Encarsia in laboratory has elaborated. Pest insects – Coccids are widely distributed in Georgia. They damage the agricultural crops and ornamental plants. The relationship of EPN, S. feltiae to Coccids has studied and there is the prospect S.feltia using to control the Coccids in closed and open ground farms. S.feltia was tested also to main pest of vine the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana. There is the preliminary data on biotechnology of nematode formulation on the base of local EPN, S.feltia “Georgian strain”, tentatively called “Geo-nema”. The accumulation of biomass by growing of EPN in vivo on laboratory cultures of Galleria mellanolla and Tenebrio molitor has elaborated. Bioformulation will be economically accessible to local manufacturers of environmentally friendly product. At present the fall webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea is a very dangerous quarantine pest insect, widely spread in urban holdings, where the use of chemical pesticides are prohibited. The formulations on base of entomopathogenic organisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, EPNs) have examined. The possibility of using sex pheromones (Russia) for complex control to FWW at first time for Georgian conditions has established. The possibility of using entomopathogenic fungi to the very important pest insect for vegetable and technical cultures the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata has elaborated. The action of strain, Beauveria bassiana LRC107 (introduced from Canada), enriched KNO3 (Joint project, Durmishidze Institute of
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".