Atmospheric circulation structures associated with freezing rain in Quebec City, Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: An analysis of freezing rain (FZRA) events in Quebec City (YQB), Quebec, Canada, a climatologically active area, is counted over a 30 year period (1979-2008) in an attempt to better understand the synoptic patterns, severity, and frequency of such events. Methods: of the 218 individual events, 48 are classified as severe and are given a more in depth analysis at various pressure levels. events are partitioned into five categories based on synoptic patterns, including the location and organization of surface features, 500 hpa trough location and length, and instantaneous geostrophic wind direction at YQB at the first hour of reported FZRA. Composite analyses of atmospheric variables are then created for each category, and the latter are then compared. Results: each of the five categories has a unique thermodynamic and dynamic signature. Identifying these signatures within forecast models may significantly improve the prediction of freezing rain events. discussion: fzrA events have not been studied extensively in the SLRV and so identifying these aforementioned signatures within forecast models may significantly improve the prediction of freezing rain events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".